Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models represent advanced tools for studying tissue physiology, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. In this work, we employed both static and dynamic 3D culture systems to investigate tissue injury and regenerative or immunological responses.In static conditions, we developed 3D skeletal muscle models and human colon organoids to study tissue damage and repair mechanisms. Following injury induction in colon organoids, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs), investigating their effects on regeneration and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in damage recovery.

In parallel, a dynamic culture based on MIVO^® organ-on-chip technology was used to model inflammatory processes in lung organoids. After inducing an inflammatory injury, lung organoids were exposed to an RNA-based vaccine and co-cultured with immune cells to reproduce key aspects of the immune response. This approach enabled the assessment of tissue immune system interactions and the evaluation of vaccine induced responses in a physiologically relevant 3D environment.

These models highlight the potential of integrated 3D platforms, including organ-on-chip systems such as MIVO^®, for studying tissue regeneration, inflammation, and therapeutic strategies in a controlled and translational setting.